The growing reliance on groundwater is increasingly attributed to climate change. Nepal’s national climate change survey report indicates significant weather variability in recent years. A 2019 report highlighted the role played by expanding shallow tubewell usage as a coping mechanism by farmers grappling with erratic monsoon rainfall patterns. Nonetheless, there are limits to this approach. Low rainfall last April and May, followed by a dry winter, also led to an unprecedented decline in farming activity, as groundwater resources failed to provide a key buffer against this climatic shock.
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